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    • 专利摘要:
    water heating apparatus for continuous flow of heated water and method for use in hydraulic fracturing. A hydraulic fracturing method of an oil production formation includes the provision of a transportable heating apparatus and has a container for holding water. the method contemplates heating the water to a temperature of approximately 200 ° F (93.3 <198> c). A cold water flow is transmitted from a source to a mixer, the cold water flow being at a room temperature. The mixer has an inlet that receives cold water from the source, and an outlet that allows the discharge of a mixture of cold water and hot water. After mixing in the mixer, the water assumes a temperature that is suitable for mixing with the chemicals that are used in the fracturing process, such as, for example, a temperature of from about 40 ° C to 120 ° F. (4.4 to 4.8 (c)). One outlet discharges a mixture of cold water and hot water to compensating or mixing tanks. In mixing tanks, a proppant and an optional selected substance or chemicals are added to the heated water. From the mixing tanks, proppant water and optional chemicals are injected into the well for one step of a hydraulic fracture operation. Preferably, the mixer is employed side fittings which allow the heated water to enter through the mixer bore at an acute angle. The mixer may further provide a side fitting exiting from the mixer hole upstream of the first side fitting, the second side fitting transmitting water through a conduit, such as a hose, to the heater.
    公开号:BR112012006109B1
    申请号:R112012006109
    申请日:2010-08-17
    公开日:2019-12-10
    发明作者:Mark Hefley Ransom
    申请人:Heat On The Fly Llc；Super Heaters North Dakota Llc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Invention Patent Descriptive Report for "METHOD FOR HEATING WATER TO BE USED IN FRACTURE OF AN OIL AND / OR GAS PRODUCTION TRAINING, FRA-TURE METHOD OF AN OIL AND / OR GAS PRODUCTION TRAINING, AND HEATING DEVICE WATER TO BE USED IN HI-DRAULIC FRACTURE FROM AN OIL AND / OR GAS PRODUCTION FORMATION ". INVENTOR: [001] Mr. HEFLEY, Ransom, Mark, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at 1201 Bluestem Lane, Elk City, Oklahoma 73644, USA. ASSIGNEE: [002] SUPER HEATERS NORTH DAKOTA LLC (a limited liability company, from Texas, United States of America), located at 14904 Gaillardia Dr., Oklahoma City, OK 73142-1832, USA.
    CROSS REFERENCE WITH RELATED REQUESTS
    [003] US Patent Application No. 12/842 738, filed on July 23, 2010, US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/297 097, filed on 21 January 2010, previous US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/254 122, filed on October 22, 2009, and previous US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/276 950, filed on September 18, 2009, all owned by the Claimant. The priority of these requests is claimed through this document. DECLARATION CONCERNING FEDERAL SPONSOR RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT: [004] Not applicable. REFERENCE TO A "MICROFICHE APPENDIX": [005] Not applicable.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [006] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the continuous preparation of a flow of heated water for use in hydraulic fracture.
    2. GENERAL CONTEXT OF THE INVENTION
    [007] Regarding the production of oil or gas from a geological formation, the production may have a small flow rate due to low permeability or due to damage or blockage of the formation during drilling, particularly in impermeable sand formations with low porosity and oil shale and gas. Hydraulic fracturing, also known as "fracing", is a process used after the well is drilled, to finish the well in order to increase hydrocarbon production.
    [008] The hydraulic fracture creates porosity due to the fracture of the formations around the wellhead. These fractures allow oil or gas to flow more easily from impermeable sands or shales to the production well. The common method for creating fractures in the formation is to pump a mixture of water, chemicals and sand into the rock or formation. When the pumped fluid mixture reaches sufficient pressures, the formation will fracture, creating the permeability necessary to release the captured hydrocarbons.
    [009] The hydraulic fracture, in general, involves the injection of fluid into the wellhead, at a rate and pressure sufficient to overcome the tensile strength of the formation, creating cracks or fractures that extend from the wellhead. well. United States Patent No. 3,816,151, United States Patent No. 3,938,594 and United States Patent No. 4,137,182 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference) refer to hydraulic fracture processes using different fracturing fluids.
    [0010] The following United States Patent documents Nos: 2008/0029267; 5979549; 5586720; 5183029; 5038853; 4518568; 4076628; 2631017; 2486141; 2395258; 2122900; 2065789.
    [0011] One of the main elements of the fracturing fluid is water, which becomes the transport fluid for the propant (and the appropriate optional chemical mixture) needed for the process. The proponent keeps fractures open and provides porosity to allow hydrocarbons to flow out of the formation. Before the fracturing fluid is injected into the well, the water is usually heated to the target temperature (for example, 40 ° F to 120 ° F + (4.4 ° C to 48.9 ° C +)), depending on the formation geological and chemical substances used, for example, typically 65 ° F to 75 ° F (18 ° C to 24 ° C) in Bakken Shale, located in North Dakota, Mon-tana, and southern Canada) in order to to obtain the appropriate chemical mixture needed for each particular hydraulic fracture operation. Another result of heating the water before mixing with chemicals is to reduce the amount of chemicals that may be required for the hydraulic fracture operation. In addition, a lower density of the heated water reduces the pressure on the pipes and connections and thus reduces the risk of mechanical failure. In colder months and in colder environments, the temperature of the available water sources is typically less than 50 ° F (10 ° C) (or even as low as below zero), which is generally a temperature inadequately cold for the fracturing process. It is necessary to heat the available water to a temperature (for example, 40 ° F to 120 ° F + (4.4 ° C to 48.9 ° C +)) suitable for the fracturing process before the water and fracturing fluids are pumped to the bottom of the hole.
    [0012] There are common and known methods of providing heated water, which require that, prior to the fracturing process, the water source be pumped to numerous fracture tanks and then the water from each tank of individual fracturing is circulated through a heating unit in order to increase the temperature in the fracturing tank to a pre-established temperature necessary for the chemical mixing of the fracture. However, due to the time lag between heating (which is typically done at night, before fracturing operations), significant thermal loss occurs. Each tank must be heated to temperatures, for example, 10 to 50 ° F (5.6 ° C to 27.8 ° C) (often from 20 ° F to 30 ° F (-11.1 ° C to 16.7 ° C)) higher than operationally necessary. For example, when the required temperature is 70 ° F (21 ° C), in this case, each tank would have to be heated to at least 90 ° -120 ° F (32 ° C-48.9 ° C). Extensive overheating demands substantial expenditure and waste of energy. The pumping of water to the fracturing tanks and the use of heating units to heat the water in the fracturing tank are well known in the industry. Figure 5 is an example of a prior art configuration. There are several commercial companies that provide such services. The number of fracture tanks can normally range from 20 to 700 tanks (the average at Marcellus Shale (located in western New York extending south to Tennessee) is 500 tanks) - currently it costs around from $ 500 to $ 2000 per fracturing tank in a typical fracturing process (shipping, renting, cleaning and demobilizing the tank), and thus these fracturing tanks require a substantial expense in the fracturing process. Typically, a substantial number of safety issues in fracturing operations involve handling fracturing tanks. The fracturing tanks must be heated sufficiently above the target temperature to allow a thermal loss between heating and use. Since the heating of fracturing tanks usually occurs during the night, this can be from 10 to 50 degrees F (5.6 ° C to 27.8 ° C), for example. The amount of temperature above the target will depend on local climatic conditions.
    BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0013] The apparatus and method of the present invention requires a water source, pumps and pipes that can provide a continuous release of water, such as up to about 100 barrels (11.9 kl) (sometimes as high as 150 (17 , 9 kl) and sometimes as low as 30 to 50 barrels (3.6-6.0 kl)) per minute through a mixer or mixing pipe to the fracturing tanks.
    [0014] As water (usually cold water) is pumped from its source through the mixing pipe, a portion of the volume of water (for example, 7 barrels (0.83 kl) per minute) is diverted through of piping in the piping to and through a heating unit. This heating device is preferably a mobile unit that can heat a smaller volume of water, such as up to about 7 barrels (0.83 kl) per minute with a heater of, for example, 22 million BTU (23.2 billion joules) (which consistently heats this capacity in all weather conditions, regardless of ambient temperature).
    [0015] The heating unit creates an increase in the ambient water temperature of, for example, 7 bbls (0.83 kl) of the water diverted to generally about 190-200 ° F (87.8-93.3 ° C ) and up to 240 ° F (116 ° C) in a pressurized plumbing system. This heating is preferably done on a continuous flow basis (as opposed to a batch process) with the heated water released through the piping back into the mixing pipe and continuously mixed into the ambient water flow. Mixing the superheated water with the refrigerator water results in an increase in water temperature of about 5 ° to 15 ° F (2.8 to 8.3 ° C) at a rate of, for example, 100 barrels (bbls) (11.9 kl) per minute of continuous pumping flow (for each heater unit). Lower flow rates (such as 20 bbls (2.4 kl) per minute) will increase the temperature more quickly to result in a higher temperature rise. You can even run up to 150 barrels (17.9 kl) per minute, but the temperature rise per unit will be less.
    [0016] In order to achieve higher water temperatures, several heating units (eg 2 to 4 or even more) can be used to heat the water, all of which are preferably done on a flow basis continuous. The displacement flow of uniformly heated water is preferably conducted into a small number of optional fracturing tanks, which can be used as a safety buffer between the water flow and pumping operations in the event of a mechanical failure or problems operational.
    [0017] The heating system with a pipe can be designed for continuous heating, preferably up to about 100 bbls (11.9 kl) per minute (or even more). In order to meet the required (target) temperature for the water used in the fracturing process (for example, from 40 ° F to 120 ° F + (4.4 ° C to 48.9 ° C +), and often , from about 65 ° to 75 ° F (18 ° C to 24 ° C), or from 70 ° to 80 ° F (21 ° C to 27 ° C)), the flow rate from the ambient water source it can be adjusted to provide a greater or lesser volume, and multiple sequential mixing pipes and heating units can be added to the process.
    [0018] The mixing pipe includes an inlet opening and a flow opening that allows the water source to pass through the mixing pipe to the fracturing tanks. Between the intake port and the flow port, the mixing pipe has at least one cold water bypass port connected to the pipeline in order to release a portion of cold water flow to the heating unit. In the mixing pipeline, a hot water return opening is located downstream of the cold water bypass opening, and this second opening, referred to as the hot water return opening, allows heated water to the mixing pipe to mix with the flow of cold water, raising the water temperature evenly before the water reaches the fracturing tanks (or the mixing tank or tanks, if the fracturing tanks are omitted).
    [0019] In another mode, before pumping the heated water to a fracturing tank (or to the mixing tank or tanks, if the fracturing tanks are omitted), the flow of the mixed heated water can again pass through a second mixer or second mixing pipe, and a portion of the mixed heated water is diverted to a second heating unit in order to heat that water to 200 ° F to 240 ° F (93.3 ° C to 116 ° C), and this water superheated water may return to the mixing pipe to mix with the continuously flowing water stream at about 100 bbls. (11.9 kl) per minute, providing a further uniform temperature rise from 10 ° F to 15 ° F (+ 5.6 ° C to + 8.4 ° C) of the water flow. This heated and mixed water can then be piped to optional fracturing tanks (when used) and then to a mixing tank to mix with fracturing chemicals and then pumped to the bottom of hole for use in the hydraulic fracturing process. If necessary, several sequential heating units can be attached along the pumping line in order to continuously raise the temperature of the continuous water flow to the required or predetermined target temperature.
    [0020] The mixing pipe can be of any length or size of tube or tank used in industry and the cold water bypass opening and the hot water return opening can be configured and spaced in the mixing pipe, or along channeling, in any useful way to allow the superheated water to mix with the continuously flowing water source. [0021] The mixing tubing or mixer can be, for example, 6 to 2 inches (15 to 30 cm) in diameter, such as a tubular element or tube 10 inches (25 cm) in diameter, with a length of approximately 2 to 3 feet (61 to 91 cm). The diameter and length of the pipe may vary according to the requirements of the pumping operations. The cold water bypass opening is connected to a smaller pipe (such as a 3 inch (7.6 cm) pipe) which is preferably attached to the mixing pipe at an angle (approximately 45 °, for example) ) forming a "Y" with the mixing pipe and the cold water bypass pipe. When heating water in Oklahoma, some operators use 10 inch (25 cm) tubes, others use 12 inch (30 cm) tubes. When heating water in Pennsylvania, some operators use 10 inch (25 cm) tubes, and others use four to six inch (10 to 15 cm) tubes. [0022] Preferably, a rigid and elevated semicircle-shaped edge extends from the back of the cold water bypass opening to the mixing pipeline, creating a partial block or impediment of the water source flow, causing a portion of the cold water flow to deviate to the cold water bypass opening and through the pipeline to the heating unit. This protruding edge partially blocks and obstructs the flow of water, inducing suction and flow into the tube to the heating unit. This partial blockage in the mixing pipeline also creates turbulence in the water source flow into and beyond the cold water bypass opening which helps in mixing at the point of overheated water inflow. The edge may be a rigid, concave, metal semicircle having, for example, a width of 1/8 inch (0.32 cm) and a height of 1.5 inches to 2 inches (3.81 cm to 5.08 cm) ) at its highest point, with a taper in order to meet a leveling with the side of the mixing pipe at the ends of the semicircle of the rim; however, the edge can be of different shapes, sizes and positions in the mixing pipe in order to induce suction and create turbulence in the mixing pipe.
    [0023] The hot water return opening in the piping for the connection of the pipeline to the superheated water is preferably located downstream of the cold water diversion opening of the running water source in the flow pipe mixing pipe. The hot water return opening for the release of superheated water preferably also has an edge that extends to the flow of running water which creates more turbulence in the water, resulting in a greater action of the mixture of the superheated water with the water. continuously flowing cold water, creating an increase in the temperature of the cold water as it passes along the mixing pipe and through the pipeline to the fracturing tanks that serve as oscillation tanks (or directly to the mixing tanks, if not no fracturing tanks acting as compensation tanks). This second edge located on the front or upstream side of the opening provides a partial block of the flow of cold water that assists in the flow of superheated water in the mixing pipe. This edge adjacent to the opening over the hot water return opening is ideally the same size and shape as the cold water bypass edge; however, this edge can also be used in various shapes, sizes and positions in the mixing pipe in order to partially block the flow and facilitate the flow of hot water into the mixing pipe and create extra turbulence in the mixing pipe.
    [0024] The additional mixing of hot and cold water takes place beyond the mixing pipe as the water flow is channeled inward and fills the optional fracture tanks, if used, and then channeled as determined by the operations for the mixing tanks, the fracturing tanks, the pumping units and the borehole. The heated water is released and can be temporarily kept in the fracture tanks or in the compensation tanks or pumped directly into the mixing tanks without the compensation tanks. The apparatus and process substantially reduce the number of required fracturing tanks (or even eliminating the need for fracturing tanks). In one modality of the described process, about six to eight fracturing tanks of 500 bbl (59.6 kl) are used, which are used as a safety buffer between the water flow and the pumping operations, in the case of mechanical failure or operational problems.
    [0025] Suitable heating units can be purchased commercially from manufacturers or manufactured. Exemplary manufacturers include Rush Sales Company, located in Odes-sa, Texas (that company produces Rush Frac water heaters), and Chandler Manufacturing, Inc., of Wichita Falls, Texas (the six-burner diesel unit with a capacity of 22 million BTU (23.2 billion joules) is preferred), in addition to the company Vita International. The conventional heating trucks shown in figure 5 typically produce much less than 20 million BTU (21.1 billion joules). They can be used in the system and method of the present invention, but the most robust heating units 12 (such as those produced by Chandler Manufactu-ring, Inc.) capable of releasing at least 15 million BTU (15.8 billion joules ), preferably up to 25 million BTU (26.4 billion joules) (for example, 22 million BTU (23.2 billion joules) or more) are preferred. Plumbing, pumps and fracturing tanks are readily available from numerous suppliers and service providers in the industry.
    [0026] There are numerous other conceivable arrangements and configurations for inflow and outflow of cold and hot water and plumbing into the mixing pipeline, including the parallel pumping of inflow of cold and hot water and the use of a secondary source of water for the heaters independent of the primary water source that passes through the mixing pipe.
    [0027] The method of the present invention may include some or all of the following steps. These steps can be of the following order. 1) Establish a water source flow between about 20-150 + bbls (2.4-17.9 + kl) (more typically 60 to 100 bbls (7.2 to 11.9 kl)) per minute through from the plumbing to a plumbing pipe or mixer, which diverts a portion of the water source to one or more heating units, 2) the superheated water returns to the source of continuous running water in order to meet the target or required temperatures, and 3) The heated water (for example, 60 ° -120 ° F + (16-48.9 ° C +), typically 65 ° -80 ° F (18 - 27 ° C)) is sent to the mixing tanks of chemical additives and for a possible fracturing process.
    [0028] Examples of chemicals that can be added to water include: bentonite gel and other chemicals used by fracturing operators, such as those from Schlumberger, Halliburton, and BJ Services. Typically, propellants (such as sand, ceramic beads, bauxite, or others) are mixed with the water before the water is injected into the bottom of the hole. Propellants help to keep the fractures that are produced open. The bidders can be, for example, any that is used by the fracturing operators, such as those of the companies Schlumber-ger, Halliburton and BJ Services.
    [0029] In general, it is possible to use water of a lower temperature when more chemicals are used. For example, although you might normally want to use 40 ° -120 ° F (4.4 ° C-48.9 ° C) water in a particular fracturing process at a specific location ("the waste water fracturing" refers to a process in which fewer chemicals are used (or sometimes even without chemicals) - which uses a turbulent flow with a lot of pressure - propellants are used in all fracturing processes - you can usually transport more propellant ( sometimes up to two to three times more) in a residual water fracture compared to a gel fracture), in contrast, it would be possible to use water at a temperature below 60 ° -120 ° F (16 ° C-48 , 9 ° C) ("gel fracture" refers to this process, in which more chemicals are used - gel and propant). Examples of quantities of water used in a fracturing process are 30,000 barrels to 350,000 barrels (3,577-41,734 kl), although few barrels can be used, such as 10,000 barrels (1,192 kl) as well as more than one million. barrels (119,240 kl) (this larger amount may cover multiple wells, for example). A higher water temperature can sometimes result in less use of chemicals. Some of the wells are currently approaching 1 million pounds (453,592 kg) of sand as a propellant with 350,000 barrels (41,734 kl) of water.
    [0030] Through tests in cold temperatures, the inventor learned that heating water from approximately freezing to about 40 degrees F (4.4 ° C) assumes a high degree of heat. More heaters may be needed to heat the water from close to the freezing point, or you could initially preheat some water in the fracture tanks (for example, 3 or 4 to 50 or 100 tanks fracture) to add heat needed to change the water temperature from almost freezing to about 40 degrees F (4.4 ° C). You can also add heat to a water well itself to help raise the water temperature to about 40 degrees F (4.4 ° C). In addition, when a water source contains ice, it is best to remove only liquid water, and no ice, from the water source. Otherwise, a good amount of heat may be lost by melting the ice.
    [0031] Preferably one or two units are placed near the water source and another unit near the fracturing pumps. It appears that there is an additional heating in the pipeline (due to friction, the inventor believes) of perhaps one or two degrees F. (0.6 -1.1 ° C) when the water travels about a mile (1.61 km) .
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0032] For a further understanding of the nature, objects and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the detailed description below, read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which similar reference numerals indicate similar elements, and in which: [0033] The invention and the characteristics of the present invention are shown and described by means of the following figures and photographs, which represent informal drawings.
    [0034] Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
    [0035] Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of figure 1;
    [0036] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention and illustrating the method of the present invention;
    [0037] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention and illustrating a method of the present invention;
    [0038] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a prior art oil well fracture pumping system;
    [0039] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
    [0040] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
    [0041] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another alternative embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
    [0042] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another alternative embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
    [0043] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another alternative embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
    [0044] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another alternative embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and [0045] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another alternative embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0046] Figures 1 to 4 and 6 to 12 show preferred embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention, designated, in general, by the numerical reference 10 in figures 3 and 6. Alternative modalities are designated by the numerical reference 110 in figure 4, by number reference 210 in figure 7, number reference 310 in figure 8, number reference 410 in figure 9, number reference 510 in figure 10, number reference 610 in figure 11, and number reference 710 in figure 12. In figure 6, a water source 11 can be a reservoir, lake or other water source.
    [0047] A mobile heater 12 is used to overheat the water for use in fracture operations in an oil well. In general, such fracture operations can be seen in United States Patent No. 4,137,182, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
    [0048] The mobile heater 12 is a transportable heating device and includes a truck 13 and a trailer 14. Trailer 14 carries a heating vessel 15 which can be, for example, a tank or pipe containing water and which can be heated with electrical elements or other heating elements or with propane or, preferably, diesel burners. The water to be injected into an oil well 16 as part of a hydraulic fracture operation includes very hot water that is heated by the mobile heater 12 and the ambient water that is received from the water source 11.
    [0049] A pumping apparatus 17, which may include a truck 13 and the trailer 18 pumps the prepared water (water plus selected chemical (optional) and propant) into well 16. Water from source 11 flows into the flow 19 to mixer 20. Mixer or mixing pipe 20 can be seen in more detail in figures 1 and 2. Mixer 20 receives water at room temperature from water source 11 and mixes that water at room temperature with water very hot that is heated in the mobile heater vessel 15.
    [0050] The details of the mixer 20 are seen in figures 1 and 2. The mixer 20 has a tubular or cylindrical shape 21 defined by a wall 22 surrounding the hole 23. The tubular body 21 has a first entrance 26 in a first inlet end portion 24, and a first outlet 27 in an outlet end portion 25. Hole 23 communicates with flow inlet 26 and flow out 27. Arrows 28, 29 illustrate the direction of the water flow in body 21, as shown in figure 2. The curved arrows 30 in figure 2 illustrate the turbulent flow that occurs to ensure that the heated water and the water at room temperature mix thoroughly.
    [0051] A pair of conduits is connected to the tubular body 21. It includes conduit 31 and conduit 32. Conduit 31 is a second outlet and removes water at room temperature from hole 23 of tubular body 21. The conduit 32 is a second inlet and injects heated water into hole 23 of tubular body 21 and downstream of conduit 31. In this way, conduit 31 does not discharge any heated water from hole 23 of tubular body 21. Instead , the water leaving the hole 23 of the tubular body 21 through the conduit 31 is water at room temperature. This discharge of room temperature from the tubular body 21 of the mixer 20 is illustrated by the arrows 39 in figure 2.
    [0052] Each of the conduits 31, 32 has a hole. Conduit 31 has a hole 33. Conduit 32 has a hole 34. Each conduit 31, 32 has an inner end portion and an outer end portion. The conduit 31 has an inner end portion 35 and an outer end portion 36. The conduit 32 has an inner end portion 37 and an outer end portion 38. Each of the inner end portions 35, 37 occupies a position inside the hole 23 of the tubular body 21, as shown in figure 2. In this way, the hole 33 of the conduit 31 occupies a part of the hole 23 of the tubular body 21. Likewise, the fluid that is discharged from the hole 34 of the conduit 32 is discharged directly into hole 23 of tubular body 21. The arrows 40 in figure 2 illustrate the discharge of heated water through conduit 32 into hole 23 of tubular body 21.
    [0053] Although the angle of the longitudinal axis of hole 33 of conduit 31 and the angle of the longitudinal axis of hole 34 of conduit 32 with respect to the longitudinal axis of hole 23 of tubular body 21 are shown at about 45 degrees, the angles can range from 0 to 90 degrees, and need not be the same.
    [0054] As can be seen from figure 2, the first entrance 26 is upstream of the second exit 31, which is upstream of the second entrance 32, whose entrance is itself upstream of the first exit 27.
    [0055] In figure 6, the flow pipes 41 and 42 are used to transfer water between the mobile heater 12 and the mixer 20. The flow pipe 41 receives the water from the conduit 31, a second outlet, which is water at room temperature and transports that water at room temperature to vessel 15 of heater 12. After the water is heated in vessel 15, it is transported through flow pipe 42 to conduit 32, a second inlet, of mixer 20. It should be understood that the flow of fluids from flow pipe 41 to and through vessel 15 of heater 12 and then to flow pipe 42 can be a continuous process. As an example, the flow of water at room temperature from flow line 19 can be about 20-150 bbls (2.4-17.9 kl) per minute, and typically about 60-100 barrels ( 7.2-11.9 kl) per minute. The flow rate in flow pipes 41 and 42 can be, for example, 7 continuous barrels (0.83 kl) per minute.
    [0056] The temperature in the superheated flow pipe 42 can be more than 200 ° F (93.3 ° C) and more than 240 ° F (116 ° C) when the flow pipe 42 is pressurized. Flow pipes 43 and 44 illustrate the transfer of heated water from mixing tanks or borehole tanks 46 to the blast apparatus 17 and then to well 16 for use in fracture operations . In figure 6, the compensation tanks 45 can optionally be used downstream of the mixer 20 and upstream of the mixing tanks 46.
    [0057] In order to achieve higher water temperatures, multiple heating units 12 can be used to heat the water, which can be done on a continuous flow basis, as shown in figure 4. The moving stream of water evenly The heated tank can be channeled to the compensation tanks, which can be used as a safety buffer between the water flow and the pumping operations, in the event of a mechanical failure or operational problems.
    [0058] In figure 4, a set of tube 47 (commercially available) can be placed between the two mixers 20, as shown. In figure 4, the flow of the mixed heated water can be passed through a second mixer or second mixing pipe 20 and a portion of the mixed heated water is diverted to a second heating unit 12 to heat that water, for example, between about 200 ° F to 240 ° F (93.3 ° C to 116 ° C). This superheated water can be returned to the mixing pipe 20 to mix with the continuously moving water stream, providing an additional uniform elevation from 10 ° F to 15 ° F (5.6 ° C to 8.4 ° C) the temperature of the water flow. This mixed and heated water can then be piped to the mixing tanks 46 to mix with any selected hydraulic fracture chemicals and then pumped into the borehole for use in the hydraulic fracture process. If necessary, multiple sequential heating units 12 (and mixers 20) can be attached along the pumping line in order to continuously raise the temperature of the continuous water flow to a target or desired temperature. The mixers 20 can be connected in series (as in figure 4) or in parallel or in a combination of in series and in parallel (as in figures 10 and 12). [0059] In figure 7 (an alternative configuration), the compensation tanks have been eliminated. Mixing tanks 46 can be used to mix any selected chemical and propanant or propanants with water that has been discharged from mixer 20 and is ready for use in the hydraulic fracture operation in well 16. [0060] The heating trucks conventional 112 shown in figure 5 typically produce much less than 20 million BTU (21.1 billion joules). They can be used in the system and method of the present invention, but more robust heating units 12 (such as those produced by Chandler Manu-facturing, Inc., of Wichita Falls, Texas), capable of releasing 22 million BTU (23 , 2 billion joules) or more are preferred. Especially preferred are the diesel powered heater units commercially available from Chandler Manufacturing, Inc., in which water flows through a series of metal coils, and there are six burners that heat the coils. An example of such a heater unit can be seen at www.chandlermfg.com/item.php pid=34 and is identified as an oil burned fracture water heater (and shown in the United States Patent Publication of America No. 2010/0000508). However, other heating units, which can quickly heat large amounts of water, can be used. Diesel-powered units are preferred, since, in colder environments, propane tends to liquefy and not heat up as effectively. Preferably, 70 to 100 barrels (8.3-11.9 kl) per minute can be made per heating truck of the present invention, while at the same time obtaining a temperature increase of at least about 15 degrees Fahrenheit (8.4 ° C).
    [0061] Through tests in cold temperatures, the inventor learned that water heated from freezing to about 40 degrees F (4.4 ° C) assumes a high degree of heat. Additional heaters 12 may be required when heating the water close to the freezing point, or you may initially pre-heat some water in the additional fracturing tanks (for example, 3 or 4 to 50 or 100 fracturing tanks) in order to to add the heat needed to change the water temperature from near freezing to about 40 degrees F (4.4 ° C). You can also increase the heating in a water well itself (for example, when the water source 11 is a reservoir) to help raise the water temperature to around 40 or 45 degrees F (4.4 or 7.2 ° C) (there will be no loss of radiant heat from the water well, so typically, it would not be desirable to heat the water in the well well above 40 to 45 degrees F (4.4 to 7, 2 ° C)) before continuing to heat the water with the heating system of the present invention shown in figures 3 and 4, for example. Heating in the water well could be done, for example, with a heater or heaters 12, as shown in figures 3 and 4, which circulate water through hoses 41 and 42 to and from the water well.
    [0062] Also, although water typically freezes to 32 degrees F (0 ° C), flowing water or water with various chemicals can sometimes cool below 32 degrees F (0 ° C) ) without freezing. In this way, the present invention can sometimes begin to process water that falls below 32 degrees F (0 ° C). In addition, the water source may sometimes have ice in it, but it can still be used if water with ice can flow through the mixer 20. However, it is preferred if you avoid dragging the ice into the intake, as considerable heat may be lost during the melting of the ice.
    [0063] The compensation or pivot tanks 45, preferably, are vertical circular tanks, in which water flows in and out (similar to or equal to the mixing tanks 46 shown in figure 6). The agitation that occurs in the compensation tanks 45 is useful, and it seems to add heat to the water (a better mixture seems to also occur, in this way, even if the compensation tanks or pivot 45 are not necessary for the compensation, you may want to use 2 to 20 of them, anyway).
    [0064] The piping between multiple compensation tanks or pivot can be made in order to balance the heat. The compensation tanks or pivot 45 can be formed like the mixing tanks 46. Preferably, the heated water flows through the compensation tanks (as shown in figure 10, in which the mixing tanks 46 act as compensation tanks) . The compensation tanks provide a plug in the event of a malfunction or other problem that makes it difficult to produce heated water. During breakdown or other problems, the hot water from the compensation tanks can be directed to the mixing tanks, even if no heated water will replenish the compensation tanks. Preferably, sufficient compensation tanks are provided so that no fracture interruption occurs during a breakdown or other problem that causes any interruption in the production of heated water, or sufficient compensation tanks are provided so that an orderly shutdown occurs. fracturing during a breakdown or other problem that causes an interruption in the production of heated water. Clearing tanks typically hold about 480 to 500 barrels (57.2 to 59.6 kl) of heated water per tank.
    [0065] Although pumps and valves are not shown in the drawings, suitable pumps and valves are provided for directing water as desired, and a person with simple knowledge in the art will be able to determine where to place these pumps and valves in order to obtain the desired water flow.
    [0066] Water pipes can be piped together and several pipes can feed or originate from a single heating truck.
    [0067] Flow rates can be 100 barrels (11.9 kl) per minute (although this ratio can be higher or lower) and, with the preferred heater trucks of the present invention, there will preferably be an increase of about 15 degrees F (8.4 ° C) of temperature at 100 barrels (11.9 kl) per minute (for a truck).
    [0068] The desired temperature of normal running water is 7090 degrees F (21.1-32.2 ° C) (but it could be higher). Overheating of the water is not necessary (as it can be done when heating the tanks), since the heat loss (if any), using the pipe heating method of the present invention. is typically minimal.
    [0069] Maintenance of the trucks used in the present invention includes chemical washing (for example, with hydrochloric acid) of the coils in order to keep the heat transfer times low (otherwise, there may be an accumulation on the coils, the which will prevent heat transfer).
    [0070] Probably a vertical round tank (such as a mixing tank 46) will work best for mixing hot and cold water in order to obtain a more uniform temperature of water to be used for fracturing.
    [0071] Figure 8 is similar to figure 7, but the apparatus 310 shown therein includes a mixing tank 46 instead of the pipe 20 shown in figure 7 (anything that can cause turbulence can be used in place of the pipe 20 shown in figure 1, although piping 20 is preferred, since it is a relatively simple and compact mixing device). The water taken from the water source 11 travels through the flow pipe 19 and the first inlet 56 into the mixing tank 46, in which part of the water is drawn out through the second outlet 61 and the pipe 41 to inside the movable heater 12, then back through the flow pipe 42 and the second inlet 62 to the mixing tank 46, in which it then continues to flow through the first outlet 57 and the flow pipe 19 to the mixing tanks 46, which are close to the fracture pumping apparatus 17. From there, water flows as in figure 7. It is believed that a better mixture of water occurs in tank 46 when the first inlet 56 is it is near the bottom of tank 46, the first outlet 57 is near the top of tank 46, and the second inlet 72 is somewhere in between. In addition, it is believed that better mixing will occur when mixing tank 46 is a vertical cylindrical tank, as shown in the drawings.
    [0072] Figure 9 is similar to figure 8, however the apparatus 410 shown therein includes a half pipe 120 and a mixing tank 46 instead of pipe 20 shown in figure 1. As indicated in figure 9, the water at temperature from the water source 11 flows through the half pipe 120, in which part of the water is diverted out through the second outlet (conduit) 31 of half pipe 120 into the flow pipe 41 and to the heater 12, then to out through the flow pipe 42 into the second inlet 62 of the mixing tank 46. The heated water in the pipe 42 mixes in the mixing tank 46 with the water found at the temperature of the water source 11 that enters the tank 46 at the first inlet 56. The water then flows out through the first outlet 57 through the flow line 19 to the mixing tanks 46 which are close to the fracture pumping apparatus 17. From this point, the water flowsas in figure 7.
    [0073] Figure 10 shows the appliance 510, which includes three mobile heaters 12 with three pipes 20, two mobile heaters 12 in parallel to each other and located near the water source 11, and a mobile heater 12 closest to the appliance fracture pumping 17. There are three compensation tanks 46 in series with one of the mobile heaters 12, although these compensation tanks 46 can be in series with both mobile heaters 12 that are parallel to each other, or can be in series with all three mobile heaters 12 shown in figure 10. In addition, there could be as few as none or just a compensation tank 46, as well as many, as considered prudent by the operator, which could be, for example, three or four up to 50 or 100 mixing tanks 46 (or even more). The flow of water through pipes 20, heaters 12, and compensation tanks 46 occurs as in the previous figures.
    [0074] Figure 11 shows a device 610, which includes two mobile heaters 12 connected directly to water from a source 11 (a reservoir) with the water being drawn from and returned to the reservoir. There are also three mobile heaters 12, each connected to a mixing tank 46, which heats the water in the mixing tanks 46. In addition, there may be as few as none or only a compensation tank 46 and associated mobile heaters 12 to as many tanks as deemed prudent by the operator, the amount of which could be, for example, three or four to 50 or 100 mixing tanks 46 with 12 associated mobile heaters (or even more tanks).
    [0075] Figure 12 is similar to figure 11, but in figure 12 the device 710 differs from the device 610, in the sense that a truck moved from the reservoir 11 and heats the water as it flows through the flow pipe 19. Figure 12 shows three more mixing tanks 46 in series with tube 19 and which act as compensation tanks. As in figure 11, there are also three mobile heaters 12, each connected to a mixing tank 46, which heats the water in the mixing tanks 46. These mixing tanks 46 are in series with each other in a flow pipe 119 which runs parallel to flow pipe 19 and then feeds to flow pipe 19. In addition, there may be as few as none or just a compensation tank 46 and movable heaters 12 associated with as many tanks as deemed prudent by the operator, the amount of which can be, for example, three or four up to 50 or 100 mixing tanks 46 with 12 associated mobile heaters (or even more tanks).
    [0076] There is a huge lake (Lake Sakakawea) in the middle of western North Dakota state. Fracture operations were putting tremendous pressure on groundwater. Now, water is expected to be drawn from Lake Sakakawea with licenses currently in process. It is believed that companies will soon be able to pump water out of Lake Sakakawea and place the water in isolated tanks, in which it will be heated in the tanks. The water will then be taken through isolated trucks to a well site where fracture operations take place. The apparatus of the present invention can heat the water as it is pumped from the lake to the tanks (and the apparatus can continue to heat the water, once it is in the tanks). This method can occur in other areas as well.
    [0077] The following is a list of parts and materials suitable for use in the present invention.
    [0078] All measurements indicated in this document are under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, at sea level on Earth, unless otherwise indicated.
    [0079] The above modalities are presented only as an example, the scope of application of the present invention should be limited only by the following claims.
    REFERENCE LISTING 10 hydraulic fracture pumping system 11 water source 12 mobile heater device 13 truck 14 trailer 15 vessel 16 oil and / or gas well 17 fracture pumping device 18 trailer 19 flow pipe 20 mixer 21 tubular body cylindrical shape 22 wall 23 hole 24 inlet end portion 25 outlet end portion 26 inlet 27 outlet 28 arrow 29 arrow 30 curved arrow 31 conduit (second outlet) 32 conduit (second inlet) 33 hole 34 hole 35 end portion inner 36 outer end portion 37 inner end portion 38 outer end portion 39 arrow 40 arrow 41 flow pipe 42 flow pipe 43 flow pipe 44 compensation tank 46 mixing tank or borehole tank or compensation tank 47 pipe joint 56 (first) mixing tank inlet 46 57 (first) mixing tank outlet 46 61 sec nd mixing tank outlet 46 62 second mixing tank inlet 46 110 hydraulic fracture pumping system 112 mobile heating truck of the prior art 119 flow pipe 120 half pipe 210-hydraulic fracture pumping system 310 hydraulic pumping system hydraulic fracture 410 hydraulic fracture pumping system 510 hydraulic fracture pumping system 610 hydraulic fracture pumping system 710 hydraulic fracture pumping system
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. Method for heating water to be used in fracture of an oil and / or gas production formation characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of: a) providing a heating device (12) to heat water to a temperature of at least minus 4.4 ° C (40 ° F); b) transmitting a flow of chilled or chilled water to a mixer (20, 46), the flow of chilled or chilled water being at a temperature below a predetermined target temperature; c) the mixer (20, 46) having a first inlet (26, 56) that receives the chilled or chilled water from the flow of step "b" and an outlet (27, 57) that allows the discharge of a substantially continuous flow, which is a mixture of cold or cold and hot water; d) the mixer (20, 46) having a second inlet (32, 62) which allows heated water to enter the mixer (20, 46); e) adding the heated water from the heating apparatus (12) from step "a" to the mixer (20, 46) through the second inlet (32, 62); f) where the volume of water in step "b" is greater than the volume of water in step "a"; g) in which water flows substantially and continuously from the first inlet (26, 56) to the outlet (27, 57) during the fracture process; and h) in which the water is heated in the heating apparatus (12) before any fracturing chemicals are added to the water; i) where the heater (12) has a heating capacity to add -12.2 ° C (10F) to -9.7 ° C (15 F) for the fluid at a fluid rate of about 11 , 9 kl (100 barrels) per minute of fluid discharged from the first outlet (27, 57); and j) in which the mixture of chilled or chilled and heated water flows at a rate of at least 2.4 kl (20 barrels) per minute in the formation.
    [2]
    2. Fracture method of an oil and / or gas production formation characterized by the fact that it also comprises the steps of: heating water using the method as defined in claim 1; add a selected propant to the water discharged from the mixer (20, 46) after step "f"; and transmitting the water and propant into an oil and / or gas production formation at a rate of at least 2.4 kl (20 barrels) per minute.
    [3]
    3. Apparatus for heating water to be used in the hydraulic fracture of an oil and / or gas production formation characterized by the fact that it comprises: a) a heating device (12) to heat the water to a temperature of at least 4 , 4 ° C (40 ° F); b) a water source; c) a mixer (20, 46) having a first inlet (26, 56) that receives water from the water source and a first outlet (27, 57) that allows the discharge of a water mixture; d) the mixer (20, 46) having a second inlet (32, 62); e) a first flow pipe (42) which transmits water from the heating apparatus (12) to the mixer (20, 46) through the second inlet (32, 62); f) a tank (46) that allows a selected propant to be mixed with the water that is discharged from the mixer (20, 46); g) a second flow pipe (19) that connects the mixer (20, 46) to the tank (46); eh) a third flow pipe (43) that transmits water and propane from the tank (46) into the oil and / or gas production formation, at a rate of at least 2.4 kl (20 barrels) per minute; wherein the water is heated in the heating apparatus (12) before any fracturing chemicals are added to the water; and where the heater (12) has a heating capacity to add from -12.2 degrees C (10 F) to -9.4 degrees C (15 degrees F) to the fluid at a flow rate of 11, 9 kl (100 barrels) per minute of fluid discharged from the first outlet (27.57).
    [4]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the tank (46) allows chemical substances to be mixed with water.
    [5]
    5. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the mixer (20, 46) still comprises a second outlet (27, 57) that allows the removal of water from the mixer (20, 46) upstream from the second inlet (32, 62), and further comprising a fourth flow pipe (41) that transmits water to the heating apparatus (12) from the mixer (20, 46) through the second outlet (27, 57).
    [6]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the volume of water flowing from the heating device (12) is less than the volume of water flowing in the mixer (20, 46) .
    [7]
    Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the volume of water flowing from the heating device (12) is less than half the volume of water flowing in the mixer (20, 46).
    [8]
    8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the volume of water flowing from the heating apparatus (12) is less than 10% of the volume of water flowing in the mixer (20, 46).
    [9]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the heated water has a temperature between 4.4 ° C and 93.3 ° C (40 ° F and 200 ° F).
    [10]
    10. Apparatus, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that water and propellant flow at a rate of at least 3.6 kl (30 barrels) per minute in the formation.
    [11]
    11. Method for heating water to be used in fracture of an oil and / or gas production formation characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of: a) providing a heating device (12) to heat water to a temperature of at least minus 4.4 ° C (40 ° F); b) transmitting a flow of chilled or chilled water to a mixer (20, 46), the flow of chilled or chilled water being at a temperature below a predetermined target temperature; c) the mixer (20, 46) having a first inlet (26, 56) that receives the chilled or chilled water from the flow of step "b" and a first outlet (27, 57) that allows the discharge of a substantially continuous flow , which is a mixture of cold or cold and hot water; d) the mixer (20, 46) having a second inlet (32, 62) which allows heated water to enter the mixer (20, 46); e) add the heated water from the heating device (12) from step "a" to the mixer (20, 46) through the second inlet (32, 62), where the water is directed in the heating device (12) before of any fracturing chemical is added to the water, where the heating apparatus (12) has a heating capacity to add about -12.2 degrees C (10 degrees F) to -9.4 degrees C (15 degrees F) fluid at a flow rate of 11.9 kl (100 barrels) per minute of fluid discharged from the first outlet (27.57); f) in which the volume of the mixture of chilled or chilled water and hot water is greater than the volume of water in step "e"; g) in which a selected propant is added to the mixture of chilled or chilled water and hot water discharged from the mixer (20, 46) after step "f"; eh) in which the mixture of chilled or chilled water and hot water and the propant is transmitted at a rate of at least 2.4 kl (20 barrels) per minute into a formation producing at least one oil and gas, in which water flows substantially and continuously from the first inlet (26, 56) to the first outlet (27, 57) during the fracture process.
    [12]
    12. Method according to claim 1, 2, 10, or 11, characterized in that the mixture of chilled or chilled water and hot water flows at a rate of at least 3.6 kl (30 barrels) per minute within the formation.
    [13]
    13. Method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 10, 11, or 12 characterized by the fact that the volume of water flowing through the mixer (20, 46) during the fracture process is the same as the volume of water being pumped to the bottom of the hole.
    [14]
    14. Method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 10, 11, or 12, characterized in that the flow rate through the mixer (20, 46) is equal to the flow rate of the water being pumped to the hole bottom.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20100294494A1|2010-11-25|
    EA021714B1|2015-08-31|
    PL2478182T3|2020-06-01|
    EP2478182A2|2012-07-25|
    IL218685D0|2012-05-31|
    WO2011034679A3|2011-07-07|
    US20120255735A1|2012-10-11|
    US20150013986A1|2015-01-15|
    MX2012003305A|2012-07-30|
    MX352619B|2017-11-30|
    EP2478182A4|2017-08-02|
    IN2012DN03303A|2015-10-23|
    US8171993B2|2012-05-08|
    CA2754347C|2012-10-16|
    CA2754347A1|2011-03-24|
    EP2478182B1|2019-11-20|
    CN102947540B|2015-07-22|
    US9575495B2|2017-02-21|
    AU2010295930B2|2016-12-15|
    CN102947540A|2013-02-27|
    EA201270427A1|2012-09-28|
    US8739875B2|2014-06-03|
    PE20121796A1|2013-01-21|
    BR112012006109A2|2016-06-07|
    CL2012000682A1|2014-04-21|
    US9442498B2|2016-09-13|
    WO2011034679A2|2011-03-24|
    AU2010295930A1|2012-05-03|
    US20140311744A1|2014-10-23|
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    法律状态:
    2017-10-10| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: HEAT ON-THE-FLY, LLC (US) |
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-02-19| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2019-06-04| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 17/08/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 17/08/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    2021-06-22| B21F| Lapse acc. art. 78, item iv - on non-payment of the annual fees in time|Free format text: REFERENTE A 11A ANUIDADE. |
    2021-10-13| B24J| Lapse because of non-payment of annual fees (definitively: art 78 iv lpi, resolution 113/2013 art. 12)|Free format text: EM VIRTUDE DA EXTINCAO PUBLICADA NA RPI 2633 DE 22-06-2021 E CONSIDERANDO AUSENCIA DE MANIFESTACAO DENTRO DOS PRAZOS LEGAIS, INFORMO QUE CABE SER MANTIDA A EXTINCAO DA PATENTE E SEUS CERTIFICADOS, CONFORME O DISPOSTO NO ARTIGO 12, DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US27695009P| true| 2009-09-18|2009-09-18|
    US25412209P| true| 2009-10-22|2009-10-22|
    US29709710P| true| 2010-01-21|2010-01-21|
    US12/842,738|US8171993B2|2009-09-18|2010-07-23|Water heating apparatus for continuous heated water flow and method for use in hydraulic fracturing|
    PCT/US2010/045791|WO2011034679A2|2009-09-18|2010-08-17|Water heating apparatus for continuous heated water flow and method for use in hydraulic fracturing|
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